Longevity & Anti-aging

DEXA Scan — Bone Density and Body Composition

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, sometimes written DXA) is the gold-standard imaging modality for measuring bone mineral density and the most accurate consumer-accessible method for measuring body composition (fat mass, lean mass, visceral…

Epigenetic Age Clocks — TruDiagnostic vs DunedinPACE vs GlycanAge

"Biological age" — as distinct from chronological age — has become one of the most-marketed concepts in the longevity consumer space. The underlying science is real and increasingly substantial: it is now well-established that certain DNA…

Full-Body MRI (Prenuvo, Ezra, Q Bio)

Full-body magnetic resonance imaging — sold under brands including Prenuvo, Ezra, and Q Bio — is a consumer-direct whole-body MRI scan marketed for early detection of cancer and incidental findings. The scans take approximately 45–60 minutes,…

Galleri — Multi-Cancer Early Detection

Galleri is a blood test developed by GRAIL (now an independent public company after spin-off from Illumina) that detects cell-free DNA shed by cancer into the circulation. Using methylation pattern analysis on a panel of ~100,000 genomic sites,…

5-Amino-1MQ — NNMT Inhibitor

5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium iodide (5-amino-1MQ) is a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), the enzyme that methylates nicotinamide using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. Two metabolic problems flow from…

Alpha-Lipoic Acid: A Practical Guide

Apigenin

Chamomile-derived flavonoid with CD38 inhibition and NAD+ modulation potential

ARA-290 (Cibinetide)

Innate Repair Receptor Agonist in Phase 2 Development

Astaxanthin

A powerful carotenoid antioxidant supporting eye health, athletic recovery, and cardiovascular function

Bimagrumab (BYM338)

Bimagrumab (BYM338) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and blocks the activin receptor type II (ActRII), preventing signaling from myostatin, activin A, and other ActRII ligands that negatively regulate skeletal muscle mass. By blocking…

Bisphosphonates Explainer

Bisphosphonates are the most-prescribed and best-evidenced class of osteoporosis treatment. They are synthetic analogs of pyrophosphate (a natural bone-binding compound) that deposit in bone at sites of active resorption. Osteoclasts take up the…

Boron

An essential trace mineral supporting bone health, hormonal balance, and cognitive function

BPC-157

Emerging Peptide for Tissue Repair Research

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157): A Practical Guide

Colostrum (Bovine)

Bovine first-milk concentrate for immune support and gut barrier health

Creatine Monohydrate

The gold standard for muscle energy and strength, backed by decades of research and approved globally

Curcumin & Turmeric Extract

A powerful polyphenol supporting inflammatory control and antioxidant defense, with bioavailability optimization required

Denosumab (Prolia)

Denosumab (brand name Prolia for osteoporosis, Xgeva for bone metastasis applications, Amgen) is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand). RANKL is the principal cytokine driving osteoclast…

Epitalon

Unproven Telomerase Activator From Russia

Epitalon (Epithalon): A Practical Guide

Fisetin

Strawberry-derived flavonoid senolytic with Mayo Clinic clinical trial support

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)

Cosmetic Peptide With Topical Benefits and Injectable Research Status

GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide): A Practical Guide

HMB (Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate)

A leucine metabolite supporting muscle protein synthesis and exercise recovery with solid clinical evidence

Immunomodulation Guide

Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN)

KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine)

Tripeptide Fragment With Zero Human Evidence

Lactoferrin

LL-37

Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (Preclinical Only)

Lysine

An essential amino acid supporting collagen synthesis, immune function, and herpes simplex virus management

Macular Protection Stack (AREDS2)

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and its successor AREDS2 are among the most rigorously conducted nutritional intervention trials in modern medicine. Funded by the National Eye Institute and conducted over more than two decades, the trials…

Metformin

The Metabolic Workhorse for Glucose Control and Longevity

Methylene Blue

Antioxidant with cognitive enhancement potential, serotonin syndrome risk critical

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c): A Practical Guide

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide)

Preclinical Mitochondrial Peptide With Theoretical Metabolic Benefits

NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine)

Cellular antioxidant and glutathione precursor for robust defense

NAD+ Precursors (NMN/NR)

Cellular energy currency and sirtuin activator with evolving regulatory status

Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0)

Odd-chain saturated fatty acid for metabolic flexibility and cellular signaling

Pterostilbene

Methylated resveratrol analog with superior bioavailability and sirtuin activation

Quercetin

Bioflavonoid antioxidant and senolytic candidate with emerging longevity research

R-Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)

Resveratrol

Grape-derived stilbene and sirtuin activator with mixed clinical outcomes

Romosozumab (Evenity)

Romosozumab (brand name Evenity, Amgen/UCB) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin, a protein secreted by osteocytes that inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoblasts. By neutralizing sclerostin, romosozumab simultaneously…

Selenium

Essential trace mineral with narrow therapeutic window and anti-cancer implications

Spermidine

Polyamine autophagy inducer with longevity research implications

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Investigational Mitochondrial Protective Peptide in Active Development

Sulforaphane (Broccoli Extract)

Cruciferous phytochemical with potent anti-cancer and detoxification support

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment): A Practical Guide

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

Actin-Binding Peptide Under Scrutiny

Telmisartan

ARB with unique PPAR-gamma activation; off-label optimization use emerging

Testosterone

The Gold Standard in Male Hormone Optimization

Thymosin Alpha-1

Approved in 35+ Countries (Except US, EU, UK, Australia, Canada)

Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4): A Practical Guide

Thymulin: A Practical Guide

TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid)

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine-conjugated form of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid produced naturally in humans in small quantities. In Europe it has been used clinically since the 1990s for cholestatic liver…

Urolithin A

Postbiotic mitophagy activator for cellular quality control and longevity

Ursolic Acid

Pentacyclic triterpenoid from apple peel with emerging longevity potential

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

Endogenous Neuropeptide With Limited Clinical Evidence for CIRS

Vitamin C (Oral)

Antioxidant and collagen synthesis cofactor for immunity and connective tissue health

Vitamin D3

Secosteroid hormone precursor for skeletal, immune, and metabolic health

Vitamin K2 (MK-7)

Menaquinone-7 for bone mineralization and vascular health with critical warfarin interactions

Vuity and Pilocarpine Drops for Presbyopia

Presbyopia — the age-related loss of near vision accommodation that affects essentially all adults by their mid-40s — has been managed historically through reading glasses, bifocals, progressive lenses, contact lens monovision, and surgical…

Zinc

Essential trace mineral for immune function, protein synthesis, and cellular health

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

Device-regulated; FDA-approved for specific medical indications; off-label wellness use emerging

IV Nutrient Therapy (Vitamin Infusions)

Unregulated practice when used off-label; bypasses oral bioavailability limits; evidence limited

Ozone Therapy

Unregulated practice; oxidative stress mechanism; lacks robust clinical evidence; safety concerns

PEMF Therapy (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field)

Device status varies; some FDA-cleared for specific indications; off-label wellness use largely unregulated

Red Light (Low-Level Laser) Therapy

Device-regulated; FDA-cleared for pain and wound healing; off-label anti-aging and cognitive use emerging

Sauna (Dry & Steam)

Unregulated wellness practice; evidence for cardiovascular and heat stress adaptation benefits

Shockwave Therapy (ESWT)

Device-regulated; FDA-approved (PMA) for plantar fasciitis and lateral epicondylitis; emerging use for vascularity and ED

Strength Training for Longevity

Skeletal muscle is increasingly recognized in the longevity literature as a metabolic and endocrine organ — a glucose disposal sink, an endocrine signaling source (myokines), a reserve for the metabolic challenges of acute illness and recovery, and…

Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBC)

Device-regulated; emerging evidence for recovery; safety concerns with extreme cold; athletic use growing

Fasting-Mimicking Diet (Prolon)

The fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) is a 5-day, low-calorie, low-protein, low-carbohydrate dietary protocol developed by Valter Longo's group at USC and commercialized as the Prolon program (L-Nutra). The protocol provides about 4,600 kJ (\(~1,100\)…

Peptide Stacking Protocol: Research-Based Combination Frameworks

Prolonged Fasting (3, 5, 7 Day)

Prolonged water-only or near-water-only fasting — typically 3, 5, or 7 days — has emerged from a niche longevity practice into a recurring feature of the men's optimization conversation. The mechanistic case is interesting: prolonged fasting drives…

Time-Restricted Eating

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is the practice of confining all daily caloric intake to a defined window — most commonly 8 hours (16:8), 10 hours (14:10), 6 hours (18:6), or one meal per day (23:1, OMAD). The intervention has exploded in cultural…

Acupuncture: A Practical Guide

AICAR

AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), also called acadesine or simply AICA riboside, is an AMP analog that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) — the central cellular energy sensor and metabolic regulator. Activation of…

ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid): A Practical Guide

Astragalus: A Practical Guide

Beta-Blockers and Aging: A Practical Guide

Beta-Carotene: A Practical Guide

Boswellia: A Practical Guide

Calcium: A Practical Guide

Chiropractic & Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: A Practical Guide

Collagen Peptides: A Practical Guide

Copper: A Practical Guide

Cordyceps Mushroom — Mitochondrial Support and Aerobic Performance

Creatine: A Practical Guide

Curcumin: A Practical Guide

Dasatinib + Quercetin (D+Q Senolytic Combination): A Practical Guide

EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate): A Practical Guide

Exosome Biologics: A Practical Guide

Ginger (Zingiber officinale): A Practical Guide

Glutathione (GSH): A Practical Guide

Gynostemma Pentaphyllum: A Practical Guide

Iron: A Practical Guide

Joint and Tendon Optimization — A Layered Protocol

L-Histidine

L-Proline

Longevity Guide

Rapamycin (Sirolimus)

Lutein & Zeaxanthin: A Practical Guide

Manganese: A Practical Guide

Metformin: A Practical Guide

Milk Thistle (Silymarin): A Practical Guide

MitoQ (Mitoquinone): A Practical Guide

Molybdenum: A Practical Guide

NADH: A Practical Guide

Navitoclax (ABT-263): A Practical Guide

NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide): NAD+ Precursor Guide

NMN raises NAD+ levels in humans with solid mechanistic rationale and early clinical data. Updated September 2025: FDA confirmed NMN lawful as a dietary supplement, reversing a 2022 exclusion.

NMN vs NR vs Niacinamide — NAD+ Precursors

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and sirtuin-mediated signaling involved in aging biology. Circulating and tissue NAD+ levels decline with age in animals and humans. Multiple…

NMN: A Practical Guide

Phosphorus: A Practical Guide

PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone): A Practical Guide

Protein Requirements for Aging Adults

The U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. That number was set decades ago based on short-term nitrogen-balance studies in young sedentary adults, and it represents the minimum required…

Rapamycin (Sirolimus) — The mTOR Longevity Case

Rapamycin vs Metformin for Longevity

Rapamycin (sirolimus) and metformin are the two off-label drugs most often discussed in the longevity optimization conversation. Both have substantial preclinical evidence for healthspan or lifespan benefit, both have been the subject of ongoing…

Reishi Mushroom — Immune Longevity and Adaptogenic Support

Resveratrol: A Practical Guide

Schisandra: A Practical Guide

Shilajit: A Practical Guide

Stem Cell Interventions: A Practical Guide

Strontium: A Practical Guide

Turkey Tail Mushroom: A Practical Guide

UDCA (Ursodeoxycholic Acid)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, ursodiol) is a hydrophilic, low-toxicity bile acid that occurs naturally as a minor component of human bile (~1-3% of total bile acids) and as a major component of bear bile. Synthetic UDCA was developed in the 1970s and…

Testing & Tracking