Overview Beta-carotene is the most abundant and best-studied provitamin A carotenoid—a 40-carbon symmetrical molecule with two beta-ionone ring end groups that is cleaved by BCMO1 (beta-carotene monooxygenase 1) in intestinal enterocytes to produce retinal and, subsequently, retinol (vitamin…
In the full monograph
- What it is, and how it works
- What the evidence shows — randomized trials, observational data, animal studies, graded and cited
- Dose, form, and timing
- What to expect, and how soon
- Who should be careful, and what to check first
- The verdict
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