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Overview Navitoclax (ABT-263) is a small-molecule BH3 mimetic — a drug that mimics the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology domain 3) domain of pro-apoptotic proteins to inhibit anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W). It was developed by AbbVie as an oncology agent targeting BCL-2-dependent…
13 May 2026
Overview Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC; also known as glycine propionyl-L-carnitine or GPLC in some formulations) is an esterified form of L-carnitine in which a propionyl group is attached to the 3-hydroxyl of L-carnitine. Unlike standard L-carnitine (which facilitates long-chain fatty acid…
13 May 2026
Overview Acupuncture is a therapeutic practice originating from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) involving the insertion of fine, sterile needles at specific anatomical points ("acupuncture points" or "acupoints") on the body for therapeutic purposes. In classical TCM theory, acupuncture is…
13 May 2026
Overview Exosomes are nanosized (30–150 nm diameter) extracellular vesicles secreted by virtually all mammalian cells through the endosomal pathway. They contain a complex cargo of: microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), proteins (enzymes, growth factors, transcription factors), lipids…
13 May 2026
Overview Chiropractic and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) are two distinct but overlapping manual medicine disciplines centered on the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and neuromusculoskeletal conditions through hands-on manipulation of the spine, joints, and soft tissues.
13 May 2026
Overview Stem cell therapy encompasses a broad spectrum of interventions involving the administration of cells with self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types — ranging from FDA-approved, rigorously tested blood stem cell transplantation (hematopoietic…
13 May 2026
Overview Mindfulness is the practice of intentionally directing attention to present-moment experience (sensations, thoughts, emotions) with an attitude of non-judgmental awareness. Formal meditation practices that cultivate mindfulness include mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR …
13 May 2026
Overview Yoga is an ancient Indian practice integrating physical postures (asana), breath control (pranayama), meditation, and philosophical disciplines into a unified system. Modern evidence-based medicine has focused primarily on the physical practice of yoga — specifically its effects on…
13 May 2026
Overview Arabinogalactan (AG) is a branched polysaccharide composed of a galactose backbone with arabinose side chains (predominantly β-D-galactose units with α-L-arabinofuranose and other sugar residues). It occurs widely in plants — notably as the primary soluble fiber component of larch…
13 May 2026
Overview Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that resides primarily in the mucus layer of the colon, where it specializes in degrading mucin glycoproteins as its primary carbon and nitrogen source. Discovered in 2004 by Willem de Vos and colleagues at Wageningen…
13 May 2026
Overview Butyrate is a 4-carbon short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and the primary metabolic fuel of colonocytes. It is produced endogenously in the colon through microbial fermentation of dietary fiber — particularly resistant starch, pectin, and beta-glucan — by anaerobic bacteria including…
13 May 2026
Overview Bifidobacterium is the dominant bacterial genus in the infant gut (comprising up to 90% of the microbiome in breastfed newborns) and remains a major component of the healthy adult colon. Its proportional abundance declines with age, antibiotic use, Western diet, and chronic disease.
13 May 2026
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