Procedures & Modalities
Adapalene: A Practical Guide
At a Glance Adapalene is a third-generation synthetic retinoid that became available over-the-counter in the US at 0.1% concentration (Differin) in 2016 — a significant regulatory change that made one of the most clinically validated acne and anti-aging actives accessible without a…
Retinaldehyde: A Practical Guide
At a Glance Retinaldehyde (retinal) is the intermediate form of vitamin A that sits between retinol and retinoic acid (tretinoin) in the retinoid conversion pathway — one enzymatic step away from the active form the skin actually uses. This position in the pathway gives it a clinical profile…